{"id":137,"date":"2023-02-06T19:16:15","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T18:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/?p=137"},"modified":"2023-09-28T16:42:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T14:42:08","slug":"data-osm-a-jejich-pouzi-v-gis-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/data-osm-a-jejich-pouzi-v-gis-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Data OSM a jejich pou\u017e\u00ed v GIS #1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V tomto \u00favodn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku si \u0159ekneme co to data OSM jsou, jak je stahovat a jak je na\u010d\u00edst do QGISU. V dal\u0161\u00edm d\u00edle si uk\u00e1\u017eeme jejich pou\u017e\u00edt ve webov\u00e9 kartografii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cel\u00fd postup si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm videu, nebo krok za krokem v \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Import OSM to PostGIS and load in QGIS\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b7xWqWJ54hA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">cel\u00fd postup ve videu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OpenStreetMap (OSM) <\/a>je open source projekt zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 mapy. Data v OSM jsou vytv\u00e1\u0159ena a udr\u017eov\u00e1na komunitou dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou k dispozici zdarma pro v\u0161echny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00fdhody<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bezplatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup: Data v OSM jsou voln\u011b dostupn\u00e1 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et mapy a analyzovat data bez nutnosti platit za licenci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aktualizace: OSM data jsou neust\u00e1le aktualizov\u00e1na a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1na, tak\u017ee jsou v\u017edy aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed oblast.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kvalita dat: Data v OSM jsou vysoce kvalitn\u00ed a obsahuj\u00ed \u0159adu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, jako jsou silnice, budovy a parky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nev\u00fdhody <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nestandardizovanost: Data v OSM nejsou standardizov\u00e1na stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako data od komer\u010dn\u00edch poskytovatel\u016f, tak\u017ee mohou b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy nekonzistentn\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nekompletnost: A\u010dkoli se data v OSM neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed, st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti, kde data chyb\u00ed nebo jsou ne\u00fapln\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kvalita: I kdy\u017e jsou data v OSM vysoce kvalitn\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy chybn\u00e1 nebo neaktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na spolehlivost v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V z\u00e1v\u011bru lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee data OSM maj\u00ed mnoho v\u00fdhod pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v GIS, jako je bezplatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, aktualizace a kvalitn\u00ed data. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody, jako je nestandardizovanost, nekompletnost a kvalita, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v \u00favahu p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kde ale takov\u00e1 data z\u00edskat?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na za\u010d\u00e1tek je nutn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee data <strong>OSM nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 z\u00edskat<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edst v&nbsp;nich a pou\u017e\u00edvat je. Chce to chv\u00edli praxe, aby se v&nbsp;nich \u010dlov\u011bk zorientoval, jinak na n\u011b z\u016fstane hled\u011bt jak pra\u017e\u00e1k na brn\u011bnsk\u00fd orloj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010casto prvn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, kam \u010dlov\u011bk s\u00e1hne jsou deriv\u00e1ty zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 na webu <a href=\"https:\/\/download.geofabrik.de\/\">https:\/\/download.geofabrik.de\/<\/a>. V\u00fdhoda je, \u017ee jsou data ji\u017e p\u0159edzpracov\u00e1na a jednodu\u0161e je mo\u017en\u00e9 si st\u00e1hnout p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd dataset nap\u0159\u00edklad ve form\u00e1tu SHP. (ano, SHP st\u00e1le nen\u00ed mrtv\u00fd a \u010dasto je to pro mnoho lid\u00ed prvn\u00ed volba). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tato data jsou <strong>deriv\u00e1tem, neobsahuj\u00ed v\u0161echna data<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 by \u010dlov\u011bk mohl cht\u00edt pou\u017e\u00edt. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro pot\u0159ebu na\u0161eho projektu zde nebyly cyklotrasy\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kde vz\u00edt kompletn\u00ed data? Jeliko\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk je tvor pohodln\u00fd, tak nemus\u00ed d\u011blat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 krok\u016f nav\u00edc a sta\u010d\u00ed z\u016fstat na str\u00e1nce geofabrik.de a p\u0159esunout svoji my\u0161 jen kousek na obrazovce a kliknout na sta\u017een\u00ed form\u00e1tu pbf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data m\u00e1me, ale &#8222;kam s n\u00edm&#8220;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data jsme si st\u00e1hli ale co s&nbsp;nimi? Prvn\u00ed, co \u010dlov\u011bka napadne, tak tato data nahr\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edmo do QGISu. Ano jde to, ale neradno to d\u011blat. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 se qgis kousne (jak kdy\u017e kousnete do jablka) a budete ho muset vypnout. Daleko lep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost, jak k&nbsp;t\u011bmto dat\u016fm p\u0159istupovat je m\u00edt v&nbsp;datab\u00e1zi. Jeliko\u017e jsme v\u0161ichni zku\u0161en\u00ed gis\u00e1ci tak m\u00e1me na sv\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch nainstalovan\u00fd PostGIS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nebudu se tady rozepisovat o tom, <a href=\"https:\/\/training.gismentors.eu\/postgis-zacatecnik\/kapitoly\/7_instalace.html\">jak si postgre\/PostGISnainstalovat<\/a>, ale p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee u\u017e jej m\u00e1me nainstalovan\u00fd. Jako prvn\u00ed pot\u0159ebujeme vytvo\u0159it datab\u00e1zi a v&nbsp;n\u00ed vytvo\u0159it extenze: PostGIS, a hstore. Toto provedeme pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Create extension postgis\/hstore\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OSM2PGSQL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Datab\u00e1zi m\u00e1me vytvo\u0159enou, ale jak tam data nahrajeme? K&nbsp;tomuto budeme pot\u0159ebovat n\u00e1stroj <a href=\"https:\/\/osm2pgsql.org\/\">https:\/\/osm2pgsql.org\/<\/a>. Pomoc\u00ed n\u011bho\u017e provedeme samotn\u00fd import dat do datab\u00e1ze. Po sta\u017een\u00ed je dobr\u00e9 p\u0159idat cestu k&nbsp;exe souboru do syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch cest a pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159istupovat k&nbsp;n\u00e1stroji zavol\u00e1n\u00edm jeho n\u00e1zvu v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dce. Doporu\u010duji postupovat nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/learnosm.org\/en\/osm-data\/osm2pgsql\/\">n\u00e1vodu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nyn\u00ed ji\u017e m\u00e1me t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159. K&nbsp;importu je nutn\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b soubor stylu, kter\u00fdm vlastn\u011b popisuje, jak\u00e9 v\u0161echny OSM tagy se p\u0159enesou do v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze. Defaultn\u00ed styl je mo\u017en\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt t\u0159eba <a href=\"https:\/\/learnosm.org\/files\/default.style\">https:\/\/learnosm.org\/files\/default.style<\/a>. <strong>Av\u0161ak pozor! Jedn\u00e1 se o styl defaultn\u00ed, a ne v\u0161echny atributy se p\u0159enesou tak jak maj\u00ed<\/strong>. Respektive ony se p\u0159enesou, ale podle pou\u017eit\u00e9ho stylu. Pokud v\u00e1m nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bjak\u00fd tag chyb\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fd styl a upravit jej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kod-stylu.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kod-stylu.png 564w, https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kod-stylu-300x239.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">K\u00f3d defaultn\u00edho stylu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kdy\u017e m\u00e1me v\u0161echny p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 komponenty spust\u00edme p\u0159\u00edkazovou \u0159\u00e1dku s&nbsp;k\u00f3dem v&nbsp;n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm tvaru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>osm2pgsql -c -d osm -U postgres &nbsp;-W -H localhost -S C:\\default.style C:\\bangkok.osm.pbf&nbsp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Argumenty:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-c: pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-d: n\u00e1zev datab\u00e1ze, do kter\u00e9 se bude soubor nahr\u00e1vat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-U: jm\u00e9no u\u017eivatele pro p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed do datab\u00e1ze.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-W: vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed hesla p\u0159i p\u0159ihla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-H: hostname, na kter\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed datab\u00e1ze PostgreSQL.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-S: Cesta k&nbsp;defaultn\u00edmu stylu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">path\/to\/your.pbf: cesta k va\u0161emu PBF souboru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud si pamatujeme heslo, p\u0159\u00edkaz spust\u00edme a na z\u00e1klad\u011b velikosti va\u0161ich dat u\u017e jen \u010dek\u00e1me a\u017e cel\u00fd proces dojde zd\u00e1rn\u011b ke konci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Import do QGIS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud se n\u00e1m data nahr\u00e1la, m\u016f\u017eeme si k&nbsp;nim vyzkou\u0161et p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed QGIS. Vytvo\u0159\u00edme si nov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k&nbsp;datab\u00e1zi a pot\u00e9 se ji\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ipojit na na\u0161e data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/QGIS_connection.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/QGIS_connection.png 444w, https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/QGIS_connection-193x300.png 193w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">p\u0159ipojen\u00ed do datab\u00e1ze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je mo\u017en\u00e9 nahr\u00e1t v\u0161echna data najednou, nebo se dot\u00e1zat jen na ur\u010ditou mno\u017einu. V&nbsp;n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu se p\u0159es n\u00e1stroj DB manager dostaneme pouze na data cyklistick\u00fdch stojan\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou spravov\u00e1ny m\u011bstem Brnem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo vr\u00e1tit n\u011bjak\u00e1 data, za\u0161krtneme <strong><em>Load as new Layer<\/em><\/strong>, zvol\u00edme pole pro gemoetrii a na\u010dteme si po\u017eadovanou vrstvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1016\" height=\"656\" src=\"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/osm_load_data.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/osm_load_data.png 1016w, https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/osm_load_data-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/subdom\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/osm_load_data-768x496.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dotazu a na\u010dten\u00ed vrstvy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A je to!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud jste do\u0161li a\u017e sem, povedlo se v\u00e1m data st\u00e1hnout naimportovat a n\u00e1sledn\u011b nahr\u00e1t a zobrazit v QGISU. V dal\u0161\u00edm d\u00edle se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak d\u00e1le s daty OSM m\u016f\u017eete pracovat nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed knihovny Lealfet. Nezapome\u0148te n\u00e1s odeb\u00edrat s\u00edt\u00edch!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>web: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/redirect?event=video_description&amp;redir_token=QUFFLUhqa3BXd2hSbTZCb3BhQWVneTN0eFZCamJVNmR5Z3xBQ3Jtc0tuRHNUOTZQakRuYndDTWhla09vYnhLdmI4T2hxenlqeEJwYjhuZlBsbldtSXFsMUFzZUpOcEFSTjRKbUN0cUQxaktxWHV2REgzM0k1S2tTM1VIdHhKcUlNaGxfZms0MWNHZzIwaHA5akpIZXR3VnpFUQ&amp;q=https%3A%2F%2Fceskemapy.cz%2F&amp;v=b7xWqWJ54hA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ceskemapy.cz\/<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LinkedIn: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/redirect?event=video_description&amp;redir_token=QUFFLUhqbFJVUTJTMUdrblJNS1JvbkZZY2xZMzh0VDgtZ3xBQ3Jtc0tucnRkbnRUZUFyTXpseW15WWR6V29qVE9jaDQ3dXZHZ1VnNFFIZkdEUVlQVy01N1VUTGtKa0lqQjAyOERfR0lPbjVVNUZXN2pyM0tucEpkSlBVaTJaTFNJb2wwZl9MY1k3ZHVwQ3AtQTEzS21VVVE1dw&amp;q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fjkominek%2F&amp;v=b7xWqWJ54hA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jkominek\/<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/redirect?event=video_description&amp;redir_token=QUFFLUhqa2d3emFDUUtXLW9jdi15c3FPZVQzRTB4eUhPd3xBQ3Jtc0tra1pYUDVZa1lpc3dfOHVINEhrWGtULXJHbnAya2ZwTkdZOTBhWXBuQ2FJQWtHZjhkdmRPT3I0Sk81dlNUN0xoRjRvdVIzZV9NV3E3RnItSnpUUi0zTElCSml4c0JFSVA1a0FGTHVmbHZwbUZ3T3BIdw&amp;q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fjiri.kominek%2F&amp;v=b7xWqWJ54hA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jiri.kominek\/<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GitHub: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/redirect?event=video_description&amp;redir_token=QUFFLUhqbUZJYWRPV1BWWDhXM29KM182MERVU2pobVNHd3xBQ3Jtc0ttQzNEaFFxc003YlhLMTZIU3hpcUZ6Rm53SDVPQm5yaG9RUUJqamhZMndXQmo3dU9nTW1jTG5zZy1Lby13Yk0tek1DX3BJQ0lEWVU0RW16c0RiZDJJRk4yZlgxY3NWaHJuWXB6WVMwX2x5RUZHVHdYaw&amp;q=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fkominjir&amp;v=b7xWqWJ54hA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/github.com\/kominjir<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>N\u00e1vod jak st\u00e1hnout data OSM a jejich import do postgis a QGIS.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6,20,21,22],"class_list":["post-137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","tag-gis","tag-osm","tag-postgis","tag-qgis"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.5.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Data OSM a jejich pou\u017e\u00ed v GIS #1 - blog \u010deskemapy.cz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jak st\u00e1hnout data OSM? 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